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At the same time, a persistent virtual disk is assigned to that VM, with any previous operating system changes merged through a complex process. Changes such as event log writes, log writes, etc. In this circumstance, operating system and app servicing might operate normally, using traditional servicing software such as Windows Server Update Services, or other management technologies.
At some point updates must be applied to the master. This is where implementations decide how the user persistent changes are handled. It might also be that the changes the user makes are kept through monthly quality updates, and the base is reset following a Feature Update. When a non-persistent VDI implementation is based on a base or "gold" image, the optimizations are mostly performed in the base image, and then through local settings and local policies. With image-based non-persistent VDI, the base image is read-only.
When a non-persistent VM is started, a copy of the base image is streamed to the VM. Activity that occurs during startup and thereafter until the next reboot is redirected to a temporary location.
Users are usually provided network locations to store their data. In some cases, the user's profile is merged with the standard VM to provide the user with their settings. One important aspect of non-persistent VDI that is based on a single image is servicing. Updates to the operating system and components are delivered usually once per month. With image-based VDI, there is a set of processes that must be performed to get updates to the image:.
This means the users are redirected to other VMs. The base image is then opened and started up. All maintenance activities are then performed, such as operating system updates,.
NET updates, app updates, etc. Windows 10 performs a set of maintenance tasks, automatically, on a periodic basis. There is a scheduled task that is set to run at AM every day by default. This scheduled task performs a list of tasks, including Windows Update cleanup. You can view all the categories of maintenance that take place automatically with this PowerShell command:.
One of the challenges with non-persistent VDI is that when a user logs off, nearly all the operating system activity is discarded. Therefore, optimizations intended for a Windows computer that saves state from one session to the next are not applicable. Indexing might be a partial waste of resources, as would be any disk optimizations such as a traditional defragmentation.
If preparing an image using virtualization, and if connected to the Internet during image creation process, on first logon you should postpone Feature Updates by going to Settings , Windows Update. Windows 10 has a built-in capability called the System Preparation Tool , often abbreviated to "Sysprep".
The Sysprep tool is used to prepare a customized Windows 10 image for duplication. The Sysprep process assures the resulting operating system is properly unique to run in production. There are reasons for and against running Sysprep. In the case of VDI, you might want the ability to customize the default user profile which would be used as the profile template for subsequent users that log on using this image.
You might have apps that you want installed, but also able to control per-app settings. The alternative is to use a standard. ISO to install from, possibly using an unattended installation answer file, and a task sequence to install applications or remove applications. Anytime that Windows defaults are changed, questions arise regarding supportability. Once a VDI image VM or session is customized, every change made to the image needs to be tracked in a change log.
At troubleshooting, often an image can be isolated in a pool and configured for problem analysis. Once a problem has been tracked to the root cause, that change can then be rolled out to the test environment first, and ultimately to the production workload.
This document intentionally avoids touching system services, policies, or tasks that affect security. After that comes Windows servicing. The ability to service VDI images outside of maintenance windows is removed, as maintenance windows are when most servicing events take place in VDI environments, except for security software updates.
Consider supportability when altering default Windows settings. Difficult problems can arise when altering system services, policies, or scheduled tasks, in the name of hardening, "lightening", etc. Consult the Microsoft Knowledge Base for current known issues regarding altered default settings. The guidance in this document, and the associated script on GitHub will be maintained with regards to known issues, if any arise. In addition, you can report issues in several ways to Microsoft.
You can use your favorite search engine with the terms ""start value" site:support. You might note that this document and the associated scripts on GitHub do not modify any default permissions. If you are interested in increasing your security settings, start with the project known as AaronLocker. For more information, see "AaronLocker" overview. One of the goals of a VDI image is to be as light as possible.
One way to reduce the size of the image is to remove UWP applications that won't be used in the environment. With UWP apps, there are the main application files, also known as the payload. There is a small amount of data stored in each user's profile for application specific settings.
There is also a small amount of data in the 'All Users' profile. Connectivity and timing are important factors when it comes to UWP app cleanup.
If you deploy your base image to a device with no network connectivity, Windows 10 can't connect to the Microsoft Store and download apps and try to install them while you are trying to uninstall them. This might be a good strategy to allow you time to customize your image, and then update what remains at a later stage of the image creation process. If you modify your base. WIM before you install, the apps won't be installed to begin with and your profile creation times will be shorter.
Later in this section there is information on how to remove UWP apps from your installation. WIM file. A good strategy for VDI is to provision the apps you want in the base image, then limit or block access to the Microsoft Store afterward. Store apps are updated periodically in the background on normal computers. The UWP apps can be updated during the maintenance window when other updates are applied. For more information see Universal Windows Platform Apps. UWP apps that are not needed are still in the file system consuming a small amount of disk space.
For apps that will never be needed, the payload of unwanted UWP apps can be removed from the base image using PowerShell commands. In fact, if you remove those from the installation. WIM file using the links provided later in this section, you should be able to start from the beginning with a very slim list of UWP apps.
Run the following command to enumerate provisioned UWP apps from a running operating system, as in this truncated example output from PowerShell:. UWP apps that are provisioned to a system can be removed during operating system installation as part of a task sequence, or later after the operating system is installed. This might be the preferred method because it makes the overall process of creating or maintaining an image modular. Once you develop the scripts, if something changes in a subsequent build, you edit an existing script rather than repeat the process from scratch.
Here are some links to information on this topic:. Removing Windows 10 in-box apps during a task sequence. Windows 10 Keeping apps from coming back when deploying the feature update.
Each UWP app should be evaluated for applicability in each unique environment. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Submit and view feedback for This product This page. View all page feedback. In this article. Windows Desktop client.
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